PSA

Overview
A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of PSA in your blood. The prostate is a small gland that is part of a man's reproductive system. It is located below the bladder and makes a fluid that is part of semen. PSA is a substance made by the prostate. Men normally have low PSA levels in their blood. A high PSA level may be a sign of prostate cancer, the most common non-skin cancer affecting American men. But high PSA levels can also mean noncancerous prostate conditions, such as infection or benign prostatic hyperplasia, a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate.
Preparation(Before)
You will need to avoid having sex or masturbating for 24 hours before your PSA test, as releasing semen can raise your PSA levels.
Result explanation
High PSA levels can mean cancer or a noncancerous condition such as a prostate infection, which can be treated with antibiotics. If your PSA levels are higher than normal, your health care provider will probably order more tests, including:
A rectal exam. For this test, your health care provider will insert a gloved finger into your rectum to feel your prostate. A biopsy. This is a minor surgical procedure, where a provider will take a small sample of prostate cells for testing. If you have questions about your results, talk to your health care provider.
Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.
Common uses
A PSA test is used to screen for prostate cancer. Screening is a test that looks for a disease, such as cancer, in its early stages, when it?s most treatable. Leading health organizations, such as the American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), disagree on recommendations for using the PSA test for cancer screening. Reasons for disagreement include:
Most types of prostate cancer grow very slowly. It can take decades before any symptoms show up. Treatment of slow-growing prostate cancer is often unnecessary. Many men with the disease live long, healthy lives without ever knowing they had cancer. Treatment can cause major side effects, including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Fast-growing prostate cancer is less common, but more serious and often life-threatening. Age, family history, and other factors can put you at higher risk. But the PSA test alone can?t tell the difference between slow- and fast-growing prostate cancer. To find out if PSA testing is right for you, talk to your health care provider.
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