Lipid Profile-1

Overview

"Lipids are a group of fats and fat-like substances that are important constituents of cells and sources of energy. A lipid profile measures the level of specific lipids in the blood.

Two important lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides, are transported in the blood by lipoprotein particles. Each particle contains a combination of protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid molecules. The particles measured with a lipid profile are classified by their density into high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).

Monitoring and maintaining healthy levels of these lipids is important in staying healthy. While the body produces the cholesterol needed to function properly, the source for some cholesterol is the diet. Eating too much of foods that are high in saturated fats and trans unsaturated fats (trans fats) or having an inherited predisposition can result in a high level of cholesterol in the blood. The extra cholesterol may be deposited in plaques on the walls of blood vessels. Plaques can narrow or eventually block the opening of blood vessels, leading to hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and increasing the risk of numerous health problems, including heart disease and stroke. A high level of triglycerides in the blood is also associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the reason for this is not well understood.

A lipid profile typically includes:

Total cholesterol High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) � often called """"good cholesterol"""" because it removes excess cholesterol and carries it to the liver for removal. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) � often called """"bad cholesterol"""" because it deposits excess cholesterol in walls of blood vessels, which can contribute to atherosclerosis. Triglycerides

Why to test Lipid Profile-1 CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE,CHOLESTEROL-TOTAL,HdlLDL,VLDL (SERUM)?

Lipid Profile is tested to assess your risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD); to monitor treatment. Screening when no risk factors present: for adults, every four to six years; for youths, once between the ages of 9 and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21

Monitoring: at regular intervals when risk factors are present, when prior results showed high risk levels, and/or to monitor effectiveness of treatment.

When to test Lipid Profile-1 CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE,CHOLESTEROL-TOTAL,HdlLDL,VLDL (SERUM)?

Adults

It is recommended that healthy adults with no other risk factors for heart disease be tested with a fasting lipid profile once every four to six years. Initial screening may involve only a single test for total cholesterol and not a full lipid profile. However, if the screening cholesterol test result is high, it will likely be followed by testing with a lipid profile.

If other risk factors are present or if previous testing revealed a high cholesterol level in the past, more frequent testing with a full lipid profile is recommended.

Risk factors other than high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) include:

• Cigarette smoking
• Being overweight or obese
• Unhealthy diet
• Being physically inactive�not getting enough exercise
• Age (if you are a male 45 years or older or a female 50-55 years or older)
• Hypertension (blood pressure of 140/90 or higher or taking high blood pressure medications)
• Family history of premature heart disease (heart disease in a first degree male relative under age 55 or a first degree female relative under age 65)
• Pre-existing heart disease or already having had a heart attack
• Diabetes or prediabetes

Note: High HDL (60 mg/dL or above) is considered a """"negative risk factor"""" and its presence allows the removal of one risk factor from the total.

Youths

For children and adolescents, routine lipid testing is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in all children once between the ages of 9 and 11 and again between 17 and 21. Earlier and more frequent screening with a lipid profile is recommended for children and youths who are at an increased risk of developing heart disease as adults. Some of the risk factors are similar to those in adults and include a family history of heart disease or health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or being overweight. High-risk children should be tested between 2 and 8 years old with a fasting lipid profile, according to the AAP.

Children younger than 2 years old are too young to be tested.

Monitoring

A lipid profile may also be ordered at regular intervals to evaluate the success of lipid-lowering lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise or to determine the effectiveness of drug therapy such as statins."

Preparation(Before)

Inform your doctor if you are on any medications, have any allergies or underlying medical conditions before your Lipid Profile. Your doctor will give specific instructions depending on your condition on how to prepare for Lipid Profile.

Report delivery time

1-2 day

Normal range

LDL: 60 to 130 mg/dL
HDL: greater than 40 mg/dL
Total cholesterol: less than 200 mg/dL
Triglycerides: 10 to 150 mg/dL
VLDL: 2 to 38 mg/dL

Global facts

A blood sample can most likely be collected with a very simple prick to a finger. If you need other tests, your doctor may require a blood draw from a vein.

Before drawing blood, the healthcare provider performing the draw cleans the area with an antiseptic to kill any germs. They next tie an elastic band around your upper arm, causing your veins to swell with blood. Once a vein is found, they insert a sterile needle into it. Your blood is then drawn into a tube attached to the needle.

You may feel slight to moderate pain when the needle goes in, but you can reduce the pain by relaxing your arm.

When theyâ??re finished drawing blood, the healthcare provider removes the needle and places a bandage over the puncture site. Pressure will be applied to the puncture site for a few minutes to prevent bruising.

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